People who need a heart transplant are typically those whose conditions haven't improved enough with medication or other procedures.Heart transplant treatmentYour doctor might suggest particular procedures or surgery if drugs are insufficient for your heart problems. Open-heart surgery for heart transplants lasts for several hours. If you've had previous cardiac operations, the procedure will be more difficult a  Read More

A ventricular septal defect is the second most cardiac abnormality in adults, often congenital. The ventricular septum is a curved structure that demarcates the two ventricles of the heart. Developmental abnormality of septal formation during complex processes of cardiac morphogenesis leads to the defect. VSDs can occur due to genetic factors such as chromosomal aberrations, single genes, and polygenic mutations. Toxins like a  Read More